Archive for November, 2009
Posted by James
More than 95% of biliary tract diseases are attributable to cholelithiasis. Gallstones afflict 10-20% of the adult population in developed countries, including the United States. Experts estimate that 16-22 million people in the United States have gallstones—as many as one in every 12 Americans. Most people with gallstones do not know that they have them and experience no symptoms. About 1 million new patients annually are found to have gallstones, of which approximately 600,000 undergo cholecystectomy.
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Posted by James
A total of 46 patients had cholecystectomy for inflammatory gallbladder disease over a five-year period (1997-2001). This gives an average of nine per year. In the first three years of this study, 18 (39.1%) patients were seen, but in the next two years 28 (60.9%) patients had cholecystectomy for inflammatory gallbladder disease. The yearly incidence is shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 2, the majority (52.2%) of the patients were ages 40-59 years, while 39.1% were <40 years of age. The overall male:female ratio was 1:4.8, but in patients <30 years and those >40 years, they were 3:2 and 1:13, respectively. Table 1 shows the parity of the female patients. Thirty-two of the 38 female patients had had >2 children at the time of presentation.
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Posted by James
MATERIALS AND METHODS
At the University of llorin Teaching Hospital, llorin, Nigeria, which is a 450-bed hospital, a total of 3,327 major operations (males: 2,097, females: 1,230) were performed during the period January 1997 to December 2001. This was excluding the obstetrics and gynecology procedures.
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Posted by James
INTRODUCTION
Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis were thought to be rare in Africans. Cholelithiasis is said to be an uncommon disease in tropical Africa. This is in contrast to the high incidence of gallstones in western Europe and the United States. Autopsy studies have indicated that 50% of Swedish and 20% of American women will eventually harbor stones.
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Posted by James
Implications for Improving Care of Hispanic Children with ADHD
The cultural, socioeconomic, linguistic and other differences between Hispanics and whites as well as those differences among Hispanic subgroups create a need for specialized care in Hispanics. Specialized care includes provisions to effectively overcome language barriers and an increased knowledge among healthcare providers regarding culture-specific practices that may have an impact on the ability of the parent to recognize the symptoms of ADHD or to seek or accept treatment. Furthermore, strategies must be employed to offset many of the socioeconomic barriers, such as lower educational status and lack of health insurance, which may be common in newly immigrated, economically disadvantaged or unemployed families.
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Posted by James
Disparities in Cultural Beliefs between Hispanics and Whites
In addition to the distinguishing features of individual Hispanic subgroups, clinicians who treat Hispanic children with ADHD must consider important cultural differences that distinguish the overall Hispanic population from non-Hispanic white children. A large national survey conducted for McNeil Consumer & Specialty Pharmaceuticals by Harris Interactive online and through telephone interviews sought to explore cultural differences among more than 3,300 parents or caregivers of children from 6-17 years of age. A random selection process with two sampling methods was used to sample respondents. The first sample was generated through random-digit-dialing procedures and was comprised of respondents who completed a survey within the past two years. The second sample was also a random-digit telephone sample but was targeted to exchanges with a high-er-than-average number of minority residents. This ensured inclusion of minority participants who might have been excluded if the survey were limited to Internet users alone. People who chose not to answer >3 questions were not included in the total sample. The survey asked questions about ADHD, including how familiar the caregivers were with the symptoms and treatment of ADHD and how they believed race or ethnicity might have an impact on the diagnosis of ADHD. Approximately 30% of these respondents were Hispanic (1,034), including persons from Latin America, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Cuba.
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Posted by James
Impact of Diversity on Healthcare in Hispanic Populations
Before attempting to contemplate strategies that may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in Hispanic children, it is necessary to reflect on the diversity of subgroups that comprise the Hispanic population in the United States. Increasing our knowledge regarding the diversity of this group is especially important, considering that the Hispanic population is now the largest minority group in the United States. Therefore, to best meet the needs of this large and growing population, it is important for clinicians to recognize factors that contribute to the diversity of the Hispanic population and that may impact medical care.
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