BONE MASS IN PHYSICIANS: RESULTS

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There were no differences between the physicians’ baseline age and sex demographics (Table 1). African Americans were the largest group studied (32%; 14 men, 18 women). The Asians were the next largest group (31%; 14 men, 17 women). The African group (18%) had 14 men and four women, whereas the Caribbean group (16%) had seven men and nine women. Also, there were two Caucasian men and one Hispanic man.

Table 1. Baseline Demographics

	Male (n=52)	Female (n=48)
Mean Age	42.2	42
Ethnicity (n)
Africans (18)	14	4
African Americans (32)	14	18
Asians (31)	14	17
Carribeans (16)	7	9
Caucasians (2)	2	0
Hispanic (1)	1	0
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)
Normal (18.5-24.9)	17	28
Overweight (25-29)	24	17
Class 1 Obese (30-34.5)	9	1
Class 2 Obese (35-39.9)	2	2

Twelve percent of the physicians had osteoporosis, and 56% had osteopenia (Table 2). Of the study population, 33% and 30% of the subjects who had osteoporosis and osteopenia, respectively, were between 30-39 years old. Similarly, 33% of the subjects with osteoporosis and 25% of the subjects with osteopenia were >60 years old. There were no significant sexual differences in the percentage of subjects with osteoporosis and osteopenia (p value =0.0541).
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Table 2. Diet and Exercise Variables

	Male (n=52)	Female (n=48)
Calcium Intake Calcium Intake Abnormal Ca Intake	18 34	9 36
Exercise With adequate exercise Inadequate exercise	18 34	15 33
Calcium Intake 0 cups/day <2 cups/day >2 cups/day	.9    / l 32	14 2 17
7ea Intake 0 cups/day <2 cups/day >2 cups/day	24 15 5	22 23 6

Among the ethnic groups, 22% (n=7) of the African Americans, 18.5% (n=3) of the Caribbean and 11% (n=2) of the Africans had osteoporosis. None of the Asians, Caucasians, or Hispanics had osteoporosis. Osteopenia was more prevalent in the Asian group (61%), n=19), followed by the African-American (53%, n=17), the African (61%), n=l 1), and the Caribbean group (37%, n=6). The two Caucasian men and Hispanic man had osteopenia. Ethnicity was not significant for the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia (p value=0.141 and 0.388, respectively) (Figure 1). prescription drugs online canada

Figure 1. Bone Density on Different Ethnic Groups in the Study

Normal body mass index occurred in 45% of the population (62% were females and 38% were males). It should be noted that 55% of all the physicians were either overweight (41%) or obese (14%). Sixty-seven percent of the men and 58% of the women had a body mass index >25 kg/m2. Osteoporosis occurred in 58% of the physicians with normal body mass index and 42% of the physicians with BMI >25 kg/m2. Osteopenia occurred in 41% with a normal BMI and 58% with a BMI >25 kg/m2. However, differences in BMI did not show a significant relationship to osteoporosis and osteopenia (p value=0.127 and 0.590, respectively). cheap generic viagra

Table 5. Logistic Regression in the Group with Osteoporosis

Variables	P Value	95% CI
BMI	0.969	0.98 (0.3-2.5)
Exercise	0.441	0.57 (0.1-0.25)
Calcium intake	0.220	2.83 (0.5-15)
Tea per day	0.376	1.03 (0.9-1.1)
Caffeinated coffee intake/day	0.053	0.03 (0.4^1.5)

The mean calcium intake was 924±46 mg/day. Seventy-one percent of the physicians (46% men and 54% women) had low calcium intake. Of this group, osteoporosis was evident in 14% (n=10, p=0.183) and osteopenia in 49% (n=35, p=0.285) (Figure 2). Of the three vegetarians in the study, the strict vegetarian had osteoporosis. The other two who ate animal sources of calcium had osteopenia.
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Figure 2. Calcium Intake and Bone Density in Physicians

Only one-third of the physicians exercised regularly. However, of this group, 9% had osteoporosis medication and 54% had osteopenia. Of the physicians with inadequate exercise, low bone mineral density was found in 57%). The difference between these two groups was not significant, (p value=0.579 and 0.972, respectively).

Table 6. Logistic Regression Analysis in the Group with Osteopenia

Variables	P Value	95% CI
BMI	0.573	1.1 (0.6-2.1)
Exercise	0.898	1.05 (0.4-2.5)
Calcium intake	0.250	0.59 (0.2-1.5)
Tea	0.659	0.98 (0.9-1.1)
Caffeinated coffee	0.859	0.99 (0.9-1.1)

Forty-nine percent of the physicians drank more than two cups of caffeinated coffee, and 11% drank more than two cups of tea daily. Of these, osteoporosis and osteopenia were found in 10% and 93%, respectively. However, there was no significant correlation between low bone mass, and caffeinated tea and coffee. viagra soft

This study revealed no significant risk factors for the development of low bone mineral density. (Tables 5 and 6).